Being a caregiver for a family member or friend with dementia can be both rewarding and challenging. There are ways to effectively manage the responsibility and help your loved one live the best life possible.

Understanding dementia 

“Dementia is a term used to describe a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking, and social abilities,” said Dr. Katie MT Spangler, Marshfield Clinic neurologist. “It is not a specific disease but rather a condition resulting from various diseases that cause damage to the brain. There are many different “kinds” of dementia. Alzheimer dementia is the most common dementia.”

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, but there are other types. Symptoms of dementia can vary widely but often include memory loss, confusion, difficulty with communication, and changes in personality. These symptoms interfere with daily life and can become progressively worse over time.

Dementia caregivers should take it day-by-day

“The symptoms of dementia can often interfere with daily life and become progressively worse over time,” said Dr. Spangler. “I highly recommend careful planning and goal setting to help you manage the ups and downs.”

• Establish a routine – Creating a consistent daily routine can provide comfort and stability for someone with dementia. Keeping activities like bathing, dressing, and eating at the same time each day can help create a sense of normalcy.

• Simplify tasks – Break down activities into smaller, manageable steps, allowing your loved one to do as much as possible independently. Offer assistance only when necessary.

• Create a safe environment – Remove hazards and add safety features around the home, such as grab bars in the bathroom, non-slip mats, and good lighting throughout the house.

• Encourage physical activity – Encouraging regular physical activity can help improve mood and overall health. Simple exercises like walking or stretching can be beneficial.

• Engage in meaningful activities – Whether it’s listening to music, gardening, or doing puzzles, these activities can provide a sense of purpose.

• Monitor health and medications – Keep track of medical appointments, medications, and any changes in health, ensuring they take their medications as prescribed and consult with health care professionals regularly.

Communication is crucial 

If you are a dementia caregiver, communicating with someone who has dementia requires patience and understanding.

“You want to always make it clear to the other person that they are a priority and not a distraction,” said Dr. Spangler. “Speak clearly and use short, simple sentences. Maintain eye contact and call the person by name, which will help them feel connected and understood. And use nonverbal cues like facial expressions, gestures and touch to convey your message. Also keep choices simple and do not give a lot of options to choose from, as that can be confusing and frustrating for the person with dementia.”

It takes patience to care for someone with dementia, especially during conversations. Allow more time for the person to process and respond. And try to avoid interrupting or rushing them.

Lastly, avoid arguments as much as possible. Do not argue or correct them. Instead, try to redirect the conversation if they become confused or agitated.

Long-term considerations 

As a caregiver, it’s crucial to take care of your own physical and emotional health. Seek support from friends, family, or caregiver support groups to avoid feeling overwhelmed.

“I also recommend educating yourself and planning for the future,” said Dr. Spangler. “Understanding dementia and its progression can help you anticipate changes. Planning for future care needs, including legal and financial matters, is important. Discuss options like power of attorney and advance directives to ensure everything is in place.”